Agama Islam dibangun di atas tiga fondasi utama yaitu Islam, Iman, dan Ihsan. Ketiganya dijelaskan secara lengkap dalam hadits yang sangat masyhur, dikenal sebagai Hadits Jibril. Ketika malaikat Jibril datang dalam rupa manusia dan bertanya kepada Nabi Muhammad ﷺ, beliau menjelaskan tiga dimensi agama yang menyeluruh yakni, islam, iman dan ikhsan.
عَن عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ قَالَ: بَيْنَا نَحْنُ جُلُوسٌ عِندَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ إِذْ طَلَعَ عَلَيْنَا رَجُلٌ شَدِيدُ بَيَاضِ الثِّيَابِ شَدِيدُ سَوَادِ الشَّعَرِ، لَا يُرَى عَلَيْهِ أَثَرُ السَّفَرِ وَلَا يَعْرِفُهُ مِنَّا أَحَدٌ، حَتَّى جَلَسَ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فَأَسْنَدَ رُكْبَتَيْهِ إِلَى رُكْبَتَيْهِ وَوَضَعَ كَفَّيْهِ عَلَى فَخِذَيْهِ، قَالَ: يَا مُحَمَّدُ، أَخْبِرْنِي عَنِ الْإِسْلَامِ؟ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: “الإِسْلَامُ أَنْ تَشْهَدَ أَنْ لَا إِلٰهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ وَأَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا عَبْدُهُ وَرَسُولُهُ، وَتُقِيمَ الصَّلَاةَ، وَتُؤْتِيَ الزَّكَاةَ، وَتَصُومَ رَمَضَانَ، وَتُحُجَّ الْبَيْتَ إِنِ اسْتَطَعْتَ إِلَيْهِ سَبِيلًا”.
قَالَ: “صَدَقْتَ”.
قَالَ: فَأَخْبِرْنِي عَنِْ الإِيمَانِ؟ قَالَ: “الإِيمَانُ أَنْ تُؤْمِنَ بِاللَّهِ وَمَلَائِكَتِهِ وَكُتُبِهِ وَرُسُلِهِ وَالْيَوْمِ الْآخِرِ وَتُؤْمِنَ بِالْقَدَرِ خَيْرِهِ وَشَرِّهِ”.
قَالَ: “صَدَقْتَ”.
قَالَ: “فَأَخْبِرْنِي عَنِ الإِحْسَانِ؟” قَالَ: “الإِحْسَانُ أَنْ تَعْبُدَ اللَّهَ كَأَنَّكَ تَرَاهُ، فَإِن لَمْ تَكُنْ تَرَاهُ فَإِنَّهُ يَرَاكَ”.
قَالَ: “صَدَقْتَ”.
قَالَ: فَفَارَقَنَا فَلَبِثْنَا مَلَائَةً، ثُمَّ قَالَ: “يَا عُمَرُ أَتَدْرِي مَنْ السَّائِلُ؟” قُلتُ: اللَّهُ وَرَسُولُهُ أَعْلَمُ. قَالَ: “فَإِنَّهُ جِبْرِيلُ أَتَاكُمْ يُعَلِّمُكُمْ دِينَكُمْ”.
Artinya:
Dari Umar bin Khattab RA, ia berkata: “Suatu ketika kami sedang duduk di sisi Rasulullah ﷺ, tiba-tiba datang kepada kami seorang laki-laki yang sangat putih pakaiannya dan sangat hitam rambutnya. Tidak ada tanda-tanda perjalanan pada dirinya dan kami tidak mengenalnya. Lalu ia duduk di hadapan Nabi ﷺ, menyandarkan lututnya ke lutut Nabi ﷺ dan meletakkan kedua telapak tangannya di atas paha Nabi ﷺ, kemudian ia berkata: ‘Wahai Muhammad, beritahukan kepadaku tentang Islam.’
Rasulullah ﷺ menjawab: ‘Islam adalah engkau bersaksi bahwa tiada Tuhan selain Allah dan bahwa Muhammad adalah utusan-Nya, mendirikan shalat, menunaikan zakat, berpuasa di bulan Ramadhan, dan menunaikan ibadah haji jika engkau mampu.’ Ia berkata: ‘Benar, engkau berkata benar.’
Kemudian ia bertanya lagi: ‘Beritahukan kepadaku tentang Iman.’ Rasulullah ﷺ menjawab: ‘Iman adalah engkau beriman kepada Allah, malaikat-malaikat-Nya, kitab-kitab-Nya, rasul-rasul-Nya, hari akhir, dan beriman kepada takdir-Nya yang baik dan yang buruk.’ Ia berkata: ‘Benar, engkau berkata benar.’
Kemudian ia bertanya lagi: ‘Beritahukan kepadaku tentang Ihsan.’ Rasulullah ﷺ menjawab: ‘Ihsan adalah engkau beribadah kepada Allah seolah-olah engkau melihat-Nya, dan jika engkau tidak bisa melihat-Nya, sesungguhnya Dia melihatmu.’ Ia berkata: ‘Benar, engkau berkata benar.’
Kemudian ia pergi. Kami tinggal sejenak, kemudian Rasulullah ﷺ bertanya kepada kami: ‘Tahukah kalian siapa yang bertanya tadi?’ Kami menjawab: ‘Allah dan Rasul-Nya lebih tahu.’ Beliau bersabda: ‘Sesungguhnya yang bertanya itu adalah Jibril, yang datang untuk mengajarkan kepada kalian agama kalian.'”
(HR. Muslim, Shahiih No. 8)
1. Islam
Islam adalah penyerahan diri kepada Allah dengan menjalankan syariat-Nya secara lahiriah, “Islam adalah engkau bersaksi bahwa tiada tuhan selain Allah dan Muhammad adalah utusan Allah, menegakkan shalat, menunaikan zakat, berpuasa di bulan Ramadan, dan berhaji ke Baitullah jika mampu.”. Islam sendiri merupakan bagian dari amalan lahiriah dalam ketaatan kepada Allah SWT. Sebagaimana Allah berfirman dalam QS. Ali Imran : 19,
إِنَّ الدِّينَ عِندَ اللَّهِ الْإِسْلَامُ
“Sesungguhnya agama (yang diridai) di sisi Allah hanyalah Islam.” (QS. Ali Imran: 19
2. Iman
Iman adalah kepercayaan keyakinan batiniah dalam hati yang mendalam terhadap enam hal : “Iman adalah engkau beriman kepada Allah, malaikat-Nya, kitab-kitab-Nya, rasul-rasul-Nya, hari akhir, dan qadar baik maupun buruk.”
آمَنَ الرَّسُولُ بِمَا أُنزِلَ إِلَيْهِ مِن رَّبِّهِ وَالْمُؤْمِنُونَ…
“Rasul telah beriman kepada apa yang diturunkan kepadanya dari Tuhannya, demikian pula orang-orang yang beriman…” (QS. Al-Baqarah: 285)
3. Ihsan
Ihsan adalah beribadah dengan penuh kesadaran seakan-akan melihat Allah, atau minimal menyadari bahwa Allah selalu melihat kita.
إِنَّ اللَّهَ كَانَ عَلَيْكُمْ رَقِيبًا
“Sesungguhnya Allah selalu mengawasi kalian.” (QS. An-Nisa: 1)
Islam merupakan bentuktTotalitas Jiwa dan Raga
Ketika seorang Muslim menjalankan rukun Islam dengan benar, memperkuat keimanannya dengan ilmu dan keyakinan, lalu menyempurnakan semua itu dengan ihsan—maka ia telah menuju pada puncak keberagamaan yang Allah cintai.
“الْيَوْمَ أَكْمَلْتُ لَكُمْ دِينَكُمْ…”
“Pada hari ini telah Aku sempurnakan untuk kalian agama kalian…” (QS. Al-Mā’idah: 3)
Daftar Pustaka:
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Al-Qur’an Al-Karim
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Muslim, Imam. Shahih Muslim, no. 8 (Hadits Jibril)
-
Imam An-Nawawi. Syarah Arba’in Nawawiyah
-
Ibnu Katsir. Tafsir Al-Qur’an Al-‘Azhim
-
Al-Ghazali. Ihya Ulumuddin
-
M. Quraish Shihab. Wawasan Al-Qur’an
-
Buya Hamka. Tafsir Al-Azhar

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